0612 字源學
課本pp.192-193(9-10課講義)未上完, 記得帶書與講義
預告: 0619星期四為本梯次字源學最後一次上課, 7-8月課程已經貼在網頁,
請點閱並轉存發與有需要的同學同事好友.
7-8月週四晚上的字源學VI, 範圍是課本最前三分之ㄧ:常用希臘字根
7-8月間專為大三大四與研究生開設密集班, 時間為週一三五下午. 全本
課本加上補充講義, 暑假一口氣上完. 詳細日期與時間請留意青服社資
訊.
老師在暑假也會開高級文法密集班, 時間為週二四下午, 這是老師最後一
次開文法班. 詳細日期與時間請留意青服社資訊.
必須有一定人數才能開課, 請提前大大告知同學.同事, 好友, 把握機會.
p. 192
luc (cf. Greek: photo)
lucid lucimeter lucent lucency elucidate elucidation elucidator
translucent(cf. transparent—root: bring forth)
noctiluca (firefly) noctilucent noctilucous
Latin: noct (night)
nocturia nocturne nocturnal (nocturnal fasting; nocturnal emission; nocturnal animals) noctiflorous noctambulant(a.) noctambulist
noctambulation
Greek: nyct (night)
nyctalgia nyctanthous nyctalopia nyctophobia
lumin
luminferous luminize luminous liminary(n) luminal(art)
luminalist
illuminate illumination illuminated illuminating illuminator
p. 192
omni (all cf. Greek: pan)
omnipotent omnipotence omniscient omniscience
omnipresent omnipresence omnibeneolent omnibenevolence
omnimalevolent omnivolenence omnivore omnivorous
poten (Latin: ability, power)
potent potency impotent omnipotent potential plenipotentiary
scien(Latin: knowledge)
science scientist conscience conscientious omniscient nescient
political science social sciences behavior sciences
vore, vorous (cf. Greek. phagy, phagus, phagous p.12)
carni--- herbi---- pani---- grani--- frugi--- gramini --- flori---- lingi- arbori-- cani---- feli---- api---- avi---- bovi---- ovi----- pisci-- equi---- ophi--- --- anasi— galli-- porci---
insecti--- sangui--- homi---(anthropophagous)
vor--
---acious ----acity
Latin:
omni hora (every hour) omni nocte (every night)
omnia vanitas (all is vanity)
Less Common Latin Roots 11-15
p.194
reg rig rect (straight right correct rule ruler king)
regicide regime regimen regiment regimental regimentation regent regal regnant regnum (interregnum p.168) regius (Regius professor of Latin, Regius Version of the English Bible—King James) region regional regionalism
regular irregular regulate regulator regulation deregulate
right(to life, to work, to die) righteous rightist
rigid rigidify rigidity rigor rigorous rigorist rigor mortis
corrigible incorrigible
rectify rectifier rectitude rectum(cf. colon) rectangle erect erective erectile dysfunction erection correct(a vt vi) incorrect corrective
resurrect(back to upright from below—from the dead) resurrection resurrectionism
cf.
resurge resurgent resurgence (rise again) insurgent insurgency
resuscitate resuscitation resuscitator (rouse back to move)
Latin
Rex(King) George Regina(Queen)Victoria Rex Oedipus
regnant populi--motto of Arkansas: the people rule
rex regum : king of kings
recta linea: straight line
recte est: all is well; everything is all right
recto folio: right-hand page cf. verso folio
rector: ruler, director
Homo erectus Homo sapiens Homo mobilis
p. 194
sequ secut sec sue suit (follow, watch closely)
sequel sequent sequacious sequential sequence
sequela (medical term) consequent consequently inconsequent consequential inconsequential consequence subsequent subsequential subsequence obsequious obsequent obsequence
second secondary
consecutive consecution persecute persecution persecutor
prosecute prosecution prosecutor
execute executor execution executive
pursue(follow forward) pursuit ensue suite suit
suitable
bedroom with bathroom en suite (in sequence)
follow suit
p.195
a rule of thumb
thumb index finger middle finger ring finger little finger
Latin
Sequor non inferior (follower but not inferior)
secundum legem: according to law
secundum naturam: according to nature; naturally
secundum regulam: according to rule
secundum usum: according to usage
p. 195
son (cf. Latin: voc p.148; Greek: phone)
sonic subsonic supersonic ultrasonic sterosonic
soniferous (p.148 fer) sonometer sonograph
sonar (sound navigation ranging)
unison unisonant consonance consonant dissonance dissonant
resonance resonant resonate resonator
---ferous
soniferous metalliferous auriferous platinifer argentiferous cupriferous ferriferous aluminiferous fossilifer oleiferous (petroleum) carboniferous herbiferous carniferous frugiferous floriferous lingiferous graniferous febriferous aquifer aquiferous auriferous pestiferous melliferous gypsiferous sudoriferous odoriferous aromatiferous thurifer saliferous salutiferous proliferous lactiferous vociferous luminiferous somniferous
umbriferous
Latin
sonus dulcis: beautiful, sweet, pleasant sound
idem sonans: sound alike
p. 195
strict string strain strait (cf. nect: tie bind) stress
strict stricture restrict restricted restriction
constrict constrictive district distress
string stringent stringency astringent(n a) astringency(n)
stringer (journalist) constringe constringent constringency
strain restrain restraint constrain constraint
strait(n a) straiten straitjacket(n v) straitlace(v n) straitlaced
Latin
stricto sensu (in a strict sense)
lato sensu (in a broad sense)
p. 196
tact tang ting tig tag
tact tactile tactility tactual tactometer contact(n v) intact(a)
tactful tactless tactical tactic tactics tactician
tangle tangled tanglement entangle
tangent(only touch the surface, not the main subject, not to the point) tangent tangency tangent line tangent plane (geometry)
tangible tangibility intangible
contingent (n a) contingent fee be contingent on(depend on)
contingency (fund, plan reserve)
contiguous contiguity
contagion contagious contagiosity
cf. stinct stinguish (quench)
extinct extinguish (quench out)
cf. tinct tinguish (separate)
distinct distinguish (separate apart)
Latin
tangere ulcus: touch a sore
Less Common Latin Roots 16-20
p.197
ten tin tain (grasp, hold, take)
tenable untenable tenacious tenacity tenure tenant tenancy
continue(hold together, hold as one) continuity continuous
continent continence incontinent incontinence
continental intercontinental content contents (n) content (a)
contain(hold together, hold with) container contain containment contained containable containerize
abstain(away from hold) abstinent abstinence abstention
maintain(hold with hand) maintenance
obtain (hold toward) obtainment obtaining by deception
attain((hold toward) attainment attainable
retain ((hold back) retainable retention
suffering from retention of urine or faeces
sustain (hold from below) sustainable sustention sustenance
detain (hold and take away) detention detention center
captain (hold the head)
p.197
tens tend tent (strive, struggle, stretch)
tense tension intensive intensify hypertension hypotension
tensiometry tensiometer tensity
tend tendency tendon
intend (v) intent (n a)) intention letter of intent
attend attendant attendance attention attentive
contend contender contention contentious
extend(v) extension extensive extent(n)
distend distended distension distention
pretend pretension pretended pretender pretentious pretence
tentacle tentacular tentaculoid tentaculiferous
tent pitch one’s tent tentbed tent city tentmaker
tent pole
p. 198
tenu (thin cf. dens: thick)
tenuous tenuousness tenuously
tenuity (of a hair, of the air, of voice, of his intelligence)
attenuate(v a) attenuation attenuated attenuant(a, chemical n)
attenuator
extenuate extenuating extenuation extenuatory
cf. lati, eury = wide, broad;
plati, platy =flat, plain
steno = narrow, in a short time, in a short range
tenu, gracil = thin, slander; lepto= thin and long
dens, pachy = thick, fat crass= rough rude
euryphagous eurycephalic eurystomatous euryphyllous
eurythermal euryhygric eurytopic
latitude latitudinarianism
platform plate platitude platter platypodia platyrrhine platycephaly
stenophagous stenophyllous stenography stenographer stenotherm
stenohygric stenomorph
gracile gracility cf. grace graceful (pleasing)
leptocephalic leptodactyl leptophyllous
dense density densiometry densitometer densify
pachyderm pachydermatous pachycephalosaur
crassitude crass crass ignorance crass remarks
p.198
tract trail train (draw, pull, lead)
tractor traction tractable intractable in traction
abstract(a n) abstract(v) abstracted abstraction
abstractionism (pull away)
attract attractive attraction attractant (a, n) (pull toward)
contract(n) contract (v) contraction contracted contractive
contractor subcontractor contracture (medical term) (pull together)
detract detraction detractive (draw down)
distract distraction distracted distracter (pull apart)
extract(n) extract (v) extractible extraction extractor
extractor fan (draw out)
protract protracted protraction (draw forward)
retract retraction retractable irretractable (pull back)
train (n vt vi) training
a train of ideas the general and his train training camp
trainmaster trainload
trail trailer trailer camp trailer home trail net
p.199 Easter Christmas Good Friday Passion Resurrection Assumption
p.199
ver (truth, reality)
verdict very veritable verify verification verifiable
verisimilitude verisimilar verity
Bae Yongjong is the very man many women in forty something
desire to hold in arms.
Mary did get get married with the very man she loved.
No bargaining anymore, this is the very floor price.
cf. fal, fals, pseudo=wrong, fake, false
fallacy fallacious infallible falsehood falsify falsifier falsification Papal infallibility vs. Biblical infallibility
pseudonym pseudoscience pseudo(false) pregnancy pseudomorph
Latin
veritas: truth
veritas vincit: truth conquers
veritas omnia vincit: truth conquers everything
veritas temporis filias: truth is the daughter of time
0619 上課內容
NUMERALS IN GREEK AND LATIN
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Showing posts with label 英文學習. Show all posts
Showing posts with label 英文學習. Show all posts
Thursday, July 10, 2008
英文字源學（字首字根字尾）課程簡介與書目
l 字源學（字首字根字尾）課程簡介與書目
l 最新制IBT托福測驗帶來的壓力
l 您如何面對２００６年５月開始的最新制IBT托福測驗？
其中的閱讀測驗難度增加﹐文章比原先的CBT電腦托福和更早的ＰＢＴ紙筆托福都長一倍﹐而且帶有與各學科相關的專業用語與字彙﹐有時還融入時事。
口說測驗的部份包括結合閱讀與聽力的文章﹐要同學“口說該文章的摘要“。
總而言之﹐閱讀的困難度倍增。
l 比較難的各學科相關專業用語大半是運用字首字根字尾的造字原理造出來的﹐只要能夠掌握基本的字首字根字尾﹐問題即可迎刃而解。
l 生物學用語 photosynthesis (photo 光﹐syn 一起﹐ thesis 擺放的過程：
把光擺放在一起的過程）﹐就是光合作用。
l 宗教用語 reincarnation (re 再一次﹐in 進入﹐carn 肉身﹐ation 是動詞字尾ate 轉成的名詞字尾：再次進入肉身)﹐就是轉世輪迴。
l 醫學用語 euthanasia (eu 優美﹐thanas 死亡﹐ ia 狀態：好死的狀態)﹐就是安樂死。
l 請詳閱下列課程簡介﹐就可知以這種方式做準備﹐才是養成實力的最佳途徑。
l 教學目標
l 以英文字彙最高檔的學習課程（字源學：字首字根字尾）在青年服務社開課，使同學享受高品質的教學，瞭解英文造字的原則與規律，掌握英文中比較長又難的字彙。根基紮實而且用功者，實力可由美國ＰＢＴ紙筆托福５５７（CBT電腦托福２２０﹐最新制IBT托福測驗８３）上衝到５８７分（ＣＢＴ２４０﹐ＩＢＴ９５），由５８０上衝到６２０（ＣＢＴ２６０﹐ＩＢＴ１０５），甚至更高；在英國的ＩＥＬＴＳ測驗則可由６提升到６點５或７；在全民英檢則有助通過中高級複試和高級測驗。適合有志進入碩博士班深造以及在專業領域精進的學員。準備出國留學進修者，尤可利用此一課程磨練，而大舉擴增較長較難的學術用字彙，提升閱讀速度，避免一再為了查字典而中斷閱讀。
l
l 一個簡單例子
l auto 自己 bio 生命 graph 寫下 y 名詞字尾
logy 研究、學問 。排列組合就可以衍生出：biography 傳記 ( 寫下生命 )、autobiography 自傳 ( 自己寫下生命 )、autograph 親筆簽名 ( 自己寫下 )、biology 生物學 ( 生命研究 ) 等字
l 選課建議
l 本課程為英語語言學(linguistics) 分支之字源學（etymology），為英語學習中的高檔課程，具某一程度難度，學生最好具備ＰＢＴ紙筆托福至少５３３（CBT電腦托福２００﹐最新制IBT托福測驗７３）、ＩＥＬＴＳ６或全民英檢中高級初試及格的程度。如果未達該程度，但差距不大而願意拼命用功上進者，亦可考慮選修。前三志願的優秀高中學生、程度中上的大學生、社會專業人士皆應學習。台灣大半都是在大四要升研究所或留學考前，才去南陽街補習，都太慢了，而且那邊的師資不夠好，根本沒有接觸過拉丁文或希臘文。
l 教材
l Quick Vocabulary Power (John Wiley 出版，原版進口教材，由青年服務社代辦，報名後憑證在一樓櫃抬購買)
l 上課進度:每梯次7周, 每周2.5小時
l 詳細開課與上課日期及收費﹐以招生簡章所載為準。
l 本課程分三梯次循環授隨時可在任一梯次加入
l 上(VI)：課本 １２－８１頁（１－１１頁為課本內容與使用方法簡介）
源自希臘文的字根、
l 中(VII)：課本 ８３－１５１頁
源自拉丁文的字根
l 下(VIII)：課本 １５３－２０５頁
源自希臘與拉丁文的字首與數字
l VI, VII, VIII各為獨立的內容，各有重點（源自希臘文的字根、源自拉丁文的字根、源自希臘與拉丁文的字首與數字），並沒有所謂連貫性的問題。因此，同學可依時間方便，以I, II, III或II, III, I或III, I, II各種順序學習，亦即不一定由I開始，而可自由從II或III開始，完全不影響學習。VII勢拉丁字根, 尤其適合學習拉丁語系(義西葡法)語言的學員優先選修。上課可以帶錄音機，免得聽漏或記筆記來不及。除了課本上的例字之外，老師會補充２－３倍的相關字彙，每梯次上完約可增加５０００－１００００個托福６００分以上的高級字彙。
l 參考書籍：
l 縱橫英文時空－暢遊古今典故（丁連財著 書林出版）。藉由讀西洋文化故事來學習英文字詞的由來。──對西洋文化背景不熟悉者必備
l 最重要的百個英文字首字根（許章真著 書林）─中文版但編排方式不利學習
l 法文字彙結構分析 （許章真著 書林）
l 英漢醫學活用字典 （合記）
l 英文與拉丁文醫學辭彙入門 （合記）
l The Least You Should Know about English Vocabulary Building: Word Roots (書林)──比較薄的字源學輔助課本。
l
l Latin for the Illiterate (Routledge)
l The Analytical Greek Lexicon Revised (Zondervan)
l Dictionary of Word Roots and Combining Forms by Donald J. Borror （書林）（英文字根組合辭典）可能絕版
l Ａ Book of English Etymological Vocabulary by Y. Murata
l Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology (Oxford University Press, 書林代理) ──專業工具書
l Chambers Dictionary of Etymology (Chambers)
l Collins Dictionary of Latin plus Grammar (書林代理) ──專業工具書
l English Words from Latin and Greek Elements (
l Dictionary of Foreign Words and Phrases (Times-Chambers)
l Dictionary of Foreign Terms and Phrases (Penguin)
l Dictionary of Word Origins by John Ayto (
l Encyclopedia of Word and Phrase Origins by Robert Hendrickson
( Fact on File)
l 推薦辭典
l 英漢大辭典 （陸谷孫編，大字聖經紙本，東華）──目前台灣最好的英漢大辭典，錯誤比較少。很貴、很大，約３０００元。
l 英漢大辭典 （文馨）──目前台灣次好的英漢大辭典，錯誤比較少。
l MACMILLAN DICTIONARY OF ENGLISH FOR ADVANCED LEARNERS （橘色，書林代理）
l COLLINS-COBUILD ADVANCED LEARNER’S ENGLISH DICTIONARY （藍色，書林代理）
l OXFORD ADVANCED LEARNER’S DICTOINARY (藍色，敦煌代理)
l
（藍色，書林代理）
l LONGMAN DICTIONARY OF CONTEMPORARY ENGLISH
（藍色，朗文代理）
l ──以上五本為英語世界最有名的英語學習字典，同學應該在五本中至少有１－２本，如果英英閱讀能力不佳，則優先選簡單的第一本MACMILLAN
l Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary--Eleventh Edition
(紅色，書林代理)
l Collins English Dictionary--21 Century Edition (藍色，書林代理)
l The Random House Dictionary of English (Unabridged Edition)
l Webster’s Third New International Dictionary of English Language
l 以上四本為英美大學以上用之字典，文法解釋、片語、例句皆減少，重點
並非語言學習，但是字彙收錄大幅增加，除了一般解釋之外，某字在專業領域的解釋增加，而且每字附有字源提示。
l
l The
l The Concise
l The New American Desk Encyclopedia (Signet)
l Dictionary of English Language and Culture (Longman)
l 以上五本並非用於語言學習，而是用於對各種知識的快速查閱，屬於
小百科類別的工具書。
l 參考書籍與辭典請自行向書商聯繫
l 書林網站 www.bookman.com.tw
l 書林的書可以親臨門市購買：北市新生南路３段８８號２樓之５（台灣大學側門對面麥當勞樓上，懷恩堂旁邊，電話 ２３６８７２２６找林姿儀，
說事前總編輯
www.cysa.com.tw 以上版權皆為其個人或公司擁有
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